İngilizce-Türkçe-Almanca sözlük

1. Kutuplara yakın bölgelerin bitki örtüsü ve bu bitkilerle kaplı geniş alan, kutup bozkırı.
2. i. tundra. tundra. i. tundra. tundra:arzın her iki yarım küresinde, kuzey arktik bölgelere mahsus ağaçsız düz sahalar. ağaca benzer bitkilerin sınırlarını işaret eden tundralar, siyah ve donmuş toprak tabakalarından müteşekkil olup yosun ve likenlerin çokça yetişmesine elverişlidir.
3.  tundura, tundra.
4. tundura. soğuk ağaçsız ova.
5. tundra. tundura.

Etymology : Russian, of Lappish origin; akin to Kola Lappish tundar hill
Pronunciation : 't&n-dr& also '
Function : noun
Date : circa 1841

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1. vast and treeless arctic region (found for example in Siberia, northern Canada, and Lapland). tundra\tun"dra\ , n. [russ.] one of the level or undulating treeless plains characteristic of northern arctic regions in both hemispheres. the tundras mark the limit of arborescent vegetation; they consist of black mucky soil with a permanently frozen subsoil, but support a dense growth of mosses and lichens, and dwarf herbs and shrubs, often showy-flowered.tundra \tun"dra\ , n. [russ., from a native name.] a rolling, marshy, mossy plain of northern siberia.tundra a vast treeless plain in the arctic regions between the ice cap and the tree line.
2. tundra.
3. A rolling, marshy, mossy plain of Northern Siberia.
4. One of the level or undulating treeless plains characteristic of northern arctic regions in both hemispheres.
5. The tundras mark the limit of arborescent vegetation; they consist of black mucky soil with a permanently frozen subsoil, but support a dense growth of mosses and lichens, and dwarf herbs and shrubs, often showy-flowered. a vast treeless plain in the arctic regions between the ice cap and the tree line.
6. tundra. ,tundura geog. tundra.
7. tundra.
8. Tundra is one of the large flat areas of land in the north of Europe, Asia, and America. The ground below the top layer of soil is always frozen and no trees grow there. the large flat areas of land in the north of Russia, Canada etc, where it is very cold and there are no trees (tundar). Treeless, level or rolling ground above the taiga in polar regions (Arctic tundra) or on high mountains (alpine tundra), characterized by bare ground and rock or by such vegetation as mosses, lichens, small herbs, and low shrubs. Animal species are limited by harsh environmental conditions. In the Arctic tundra they include lemmings, the Arctic fox, the Arctic wolf, caribou, reindeer, and musk-oxen. In the alpine tundra many animals, including mountain sheep and wildcats, descend to warmer zones during winter. The climate of alpine tundra is more moderate and has a higher amount of rainfall than does Arctic tundra. The freezing climate of the Arctic produces a layer of permanently frozen soil (permafrost). An overlying layer of soil alternates between freezing and thawing with seasonal temperature variations. Alpine tundras have a freeze-thaw layer but no permafrost. Because Arctic tundras receive extremely long periods of daylight and darkness (lasting between one and four months), biological rhythms tend to be adjusted more to variations in temperature than to variations in sunlight. Arctic tundra covers about one-tenth of the earth's surface. Alpine tundras begin above the timberline of spruce and firs. Because of the small number of plant and animal species and the fragility of the food chains in tundra regions, natural or mechanical damage to any element of the habitat affects the whole ecosystem.