Etymology : Middle English, from Old English and Old French; Old English temprian and Old French temprer, from Latin temperare to moderate, mix, temper; probably akin to Latin tempor-, tempus time
Pronunciation : 'tem-p&r
Function : transitive verb
Date : before 12th century
1. temperament, disposition; mood. moderate, soften, tone down; toughen, harden. temper\tem"per\, n.
2. the state of any compound substance which results from the mixture of various ingredients; due mixture of different qualities; just combination; as, the temper of mortar.
3. constitution of body; temperament; in old writers, the mixture or relative proportion of the four humors, blood, choler, phlegm, and melancholy. the exquisiteness of his [christ's] bodily temper increased the exquisiteness of his torment.
4. disposition of mind; the constitution of the mind, particularly with regard to the passions and affections; as, a calm temper; a hasty temper; a fretful temper. remember with what mild and gracious temper he both heared and judged. the consequents of a certain ethical temper. h. newman.
5. calmness of mind; moderation; equanimity; composure; as, to keep one's temper. to fall with dignity, with temper rise. restore yourselves to your tempers, fathers. jonson.
6. heat of mind or passion; irritation; proneness to anger; -- in a reproachful sense. [colloq.].
7. the state of a metal or other substance, especially as to its hardness, produced by some process of heating or cooling; as, the temper of iron or steel.
8. middle state or course; mean; medium. [r.] the perfect lawgiver is a just temper between the mere man of theory, who can see:
nothing but general principles, and the mere man of business, who can see:
nothing but particular circumstances.
9. (sugar works) milk of lime, or other substance, employed in the process formerly used to clarify sugar.temper screw, in deep well boring, an adjusting screw connecting the working beam with the rope carrying the tools, for lowering the tools as the drilling progresses.
10. To mingle in due proportion; to prepare by combining; to modify, as by adding some new element; to qualify, as by an ingredient; hence, to soften; to mollify; to assuage; to soothe; to calm.
11. To fit together; to adjust; to accomodate.
12. To bring to a proper degree of hardness; as, to temper iron or steel.
13. To govern; to manage.
14. To moisten to a proper consistency and stir thoroughly, as clay for making brick, loam for molding, etc.
15. To adjust, as the mathematical scale to the actual scale, or to that in actual use.
16. The state of any compound substance which results from the mixture of various ingredients; due mixture of different qualities; just combination; as, the temper of mortar.
17. Constitution of body; temperament; in old writers, the mixture or relative proportion of the four humors, blood, choler, phlegm, and melancholy.
18. Disposition of mind; the constitution of the mind, particularly with regard to the passions and affections; as, a calm temper; a hasty temper; a fretful temper.
19. Calmness of mind; moderation; equanimity; composure; as, to keep one's temper.
20. Heat of mind or passion; irritation; proneness to anger; in a reproachful sense.
21. The state of a metal or other substance, especially as to its hardness, produced by some process of heating or cooling; as, the temper of iron or steel.
22. Middle state or course; mean; medium.
23. Milk of lime, or other substance, employed in the process formerly used to clarify sugar.
24. To accord; to agree; to act and think in conformity.
25. To have or get a proper or desired state or quality; to grow soft and pliable. a disposition to exhibit uncontrolled anger; "his temper was well known to all his employees" the elasticity and hardness of a metal object; its ability to absorb considerable energy before cracking a characteristic state of feeling; "whether he praised or cursed me depended on his temper at the time"; "he was in a bad humor" make more temperate, acceptable, or suitable by adding something else; moderate; "she tempered her criticism" adjust the pitch harden by reheating and cooling in oil; "temper steel".
26. 1. If you refer to someone's temper or say that they have a temper, you mean that they become angry very easily. He had a temper and could be nasty I hope he can control his temper.
27. Your temper is the way you are feeling at a particular time. If you are in a good temper, you feel cheerful. If you are in a bad temper, you feel angry and impatient. I was in a bad temper last night.
28. To temper something means to make it less extreme. For others, especially the young and foolish, the state will temper justice with mercy He had to learn to temper his enthusiasm.
29. If someone is in a temper or gets into a temper, the way that they are behaving shows that they are feeling angry and impatient. She was still in a temper when Colin arrived When I try to explain how I feel he just flies into a temper.
30. If you lose your temper, you become so angry that you shout at someone or show in some other way that you are no longer in control of yourself. I've never seen him get cross or lose his temper.
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