Etymology : Middle English, from Old English sceort; akin to Old High German scurz short, Old Norse skortr lack
Pronunciation : short
Function : adjective
Date : before 12th century
1. short circuit, malfunction of a circuit caused by an unintentional low-resistance connection (Electricity); main point; motion picture of less than 30 minutes (Slang); shot, small drink of liquor (British). not long, little; not tall, small; lacking, deficient; insufficient, inadequate; lacking in length; concise, brief; crumbly or flaky due to high fat content; rude, abrupt. adsuddenly, abruptly; rudely; unawares, at a disadvantage; prematurely, before the intended target or destination; briefly. cause a short circuit; give less than required or agreed, shortchange (Informal). vehicle. short\short\ , a. [compar. shorter ; superl. shortest.] [oe. short, schort, as. scort, sceort; akin to ohg. scurz, icel. skorta to be short of, to lack, and perhaps to e. shear, v. t. cf. shirt.].
2. not long; having brief length or linear extension; as, a short distance; a short piece of timber; a short flight. the bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it. xxviii.
3. 2. not extended in time; having very limited duration; not protracted; as, short breath. the life so short, the craft so long to learn. to short absense i could yield.
4. limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty; as, a short supply of provisions, or of water.
5. insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied; scantily furnished; lacking; not coming up to a resonable, or the ordinary, standard; -- usually with of; as, to be short of money. we shall be short in our provision.
6. deficient; defective; imperfect; not coming up, as to a measure or standard; as, an account which is short of the trith.
7. not distant in time; near at hand. marinell was sore offended that his departure thence should be so short. he commanded those who were appointed to attend him to be ready by a short day.
8. limited in intellectual power or grasp; not comprehensive; narrow; not tenacious, as memory. their own short understandings reach no farther than the present.
9. less important, efficaceous, or powerful; not equal or equivalent; less (than); -- with of. hardly anything short of an invasion could rouse them again to war.
10. abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant; as, he gave a short answer to the question.
11. (cookery) breaking or crumbling readily in the mouth; crisp; as, short pastry.
12. (metal) brittle.note: metals that are brittle when hot are called ot-short; as, cast iron may be hot-short, owing to the presence of sulphur. those that are brittle when cold are called cold-short; as, cast iron may be cold-short, on account of the presence of phosphorus.
13. (stock exchange) engaging or engaged to deliver what is not possessed; as, short contracts; to be short of stock. see:
the shorts, under short, n., and to sell short, under short, adv.note: in mercantile transactions, a note or bill is sometimes made payable at short sight, that is, in a little time after being presented to the payer.
14. (phon.) not prolonged, or relatively less prolonged, in utterance; -- opposed to long, and applied to vowels or to syllables. in english, the long and short of the same letter are not, in most cases, the long and short of the same sound; thus, the i in ill is the short sound, not of i in isle, but of ee in eel, and the e in pet is the short sound of a in pate, etc. see:
quantity, and guide to pronunciation, §§22, 30.note: short is much used with participles to form numerous self-explaining compounds; as, short-armed, short-billed, short-fingered, short-haired, short-necked, short-sleeved, short-tailed, short-winged, short-wooled, etc.
15. Not long; having brief length or linear extension; as, a short distance; a short piece of timber; a short flight.
16. Not extended in time; having very limited duration; not protracted; as, short breath.
17. Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty; as, a short supply of provisions, or of water.
18. Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied; scantily furnished; lacking; not coming up to a resonable, or the ordinary, standard; usually with of; as, to be short of money.
19. Deficient; defective; imperfect; not coming up, as to a measure or standard; as, an account which is short of the trith.
20. Not distant in time; near at hand.
21. Limited in intellectual power or grasp; not comprehensive; narrow; not tenacious, as memory.
22. Less important, efficaceous, or powerful; not equal or equivalent; less ; with of.
23. Abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant; as, he gave a short answer to the question.
24. Breaking or crumbling readily in the mouth; crisp; as, short pastry.
25. Brittle.
26. Engaging or engaged to deliver what is not possessed; as, short contracts; to be short of stock.
27. See The shorts, under Short, n., and To sell short, under Short, adv.
28. Not prolonged, or relatively less prolonged, in utterance; opposed to long, and applied to vowels or to syllables.
29. In English, the long and short of the same letter are not, in most cases, the long and short of the same sound; thus, the i in ill is the short sound, not of i in isle, but of ee in eel, and the e in pet is the short sound of a in pate, etc.
30. See Quantity, and Guide to Pronunciation, §§22, 30.
31. A summary account.
32. The part of milled grain sifted out which is next finer than the bran.
33. Short, inferior hemp.
34. Breeches; shortclothes.
35. A short sound, syllable, or vowel.
36. In a short manner; briefly; limitedly; abruptly; quickly; as, to stop short in one's course; to turn short.
37. To shorten.
38. To fail; to decrease. the location on a baseball field where the shortstop is stationed most direct; "took the shortest and most direct route to town" primarily spatial sense; having little length or lacking in length; "short skirts"; "short hair"; "the board was a foot short"; "a short toss" primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration; "a short life"; "a short flight"; "a short holiday"; "a short story"; "only a few short months" of speech sounds of relatively short duration not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices; "a short sale"; "short in cotton" unwilling to endure; "she was short with the slower students" lacking foresight or scope; "a short view of the problem"; "shortsighted policies"; "shortsighted critics derided the plan"; "myopic thinking" deficient in retentiveness or range; "a short memory" used of syllables that are unaccented or of relatively brief duration low in stature; not tall; "his was short and stocky"; "short in stature"; "a short smokestack" containing a large amount of shortening; therefore tender and easy to crumble or break into flakes; "shortbread is a short crumbly cookie"; "a short flaky pie crust" tightly; "she caught him up short on his lapel" at a disadvantage; "I was caught short" so as to interrupt; "She took him up short before he could continue" at some point or distance before a goal is reached; "he fell short of our expectations" clean across; "the car's axle snapped short" without possessing something at the time it is contractually sold; "he made his fortune by selling short just before the crash".
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