Etymology : Middle English ronnen, alteration of rinnen, v.i. and of rennen, v.t., from Old Norse renna; akin to Old High German rinnan, v.i., to run, Sanskrit rinAti he causes to flow, and probably to Latin rivus stream
Pronunciation : r&n
Function : verb
Date : before 12th century
1. instance of jogging or moving quickly; distance, range; journey, trip; track, path; series, sequence; tear in a nylon stocking; aggressive effort. jog or move at a pace faster than that of walking; flee, escape; pass, vanish; operate, activate; manage, direct; become; carry out, fulfill; continue, last; leak, drip; spread; compete. run\run\ , v. i. [imp. ran or run; p. p. run; p. pr. & vb. n. running.] [oe. rinnen, rennen (imp. ran, p. p. runnen, ronnen). as. rinnan to flow (imp. ran, p. p. gerunnen), and iernan, irnan, to run (imp. orn, arn, earn, p. p. urnen); akin to d. runnen, rennen, os. & ohg. rinnan, g. rinnen, rennen, icel. renna, rinna, sw. rinna, r?nna, dan. rinde, rende, goth. rinnan, and perh. to l. oriri to rise, gr. to stir up, rouse, skr. (cf. origin), or perh. to l. rivus brook (cf. rival).
2. cf. ember, a., rennet.].
3. to move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick action; -- said of things animate or inanimate. hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog. specifically:.
4. of voluntary or personal action: (a) to go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten. "ha, ha, the fox!" and after him they ran. (b) to flee, as from fear or danger. as from a bear a man would run for life. (c) to steal off; to depart secretly. my conscience will serve me to run from this jew. (d) to contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a candidate; as, to run for congress. know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth the prize? so run, that ye may obtain. ix.
5. (e) to pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a certain condition; -- often with in or into; as, to run into evil practices; to run in debt. have i not cause to rave and beat my breast, to rend my heart with grief and run distracted? (f) to exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run through life; to run in a circle. (g) to pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as, to run from one subject to another. virgil, in his first georgic, has run into a set of precepts foreign to his subject. (h) to discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; -- with on. (i) to make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; -- with on. (j) to creep, as serpents.
6. of involuntary motion: (a) to flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her blood ran cold. (b) to proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread. the fire ran along upon the ground. ix.
7. (c) to become fluid; to melt; to fuse. as wax dissolves, as ice begins to run. sussex iron ores run freely in the fire. (d) to turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as, a wheel runs swiftly round. (e) to travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical means; to go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to albany; the train runs to chicago. (f) to extend; to reach; as, the road runs from philadelphia to new york; the memory of man runneth not to the contrary. she saw with joy the line immortal run, each sire impressed, and glaring in his son. (g) to go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as, the stage runs between the hotel and the station. (h) to make progress; to proceed; to pass. as fast as our time runs, we should be very glad in most part of our lives that it ran much faster. (i) to continue in operation; to be kept in action or motion; as, this engine runs night and day; the mill runs six days in the week. when we desire anything, our minds run wholly on the good circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run wholly on the bad ones. (j) to have a course or direction; as, a line runs east and west. where the generally allowed practice runs counter to it. little is the wisdom, where the flight so runs against all reason. (k) to be in form thus, as a combination of words. the king's ordinary style runneth, "our sovereign lord the king." sanderson. (l) to be popularly known; to be generally received. men gave them their own names, by which they run a great while in rome. w. temple. neither was he ignorant what report ran of himself. (m) to have growth or de.
8. To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick action; said of things animate or inanimate.
9. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog.
10. To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten.
11. To flee, as from fear or danger.
12. To steal off; to depart secretly.
13. To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a candidate; as, to run for Congress.
14. To pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a certain condition; often with in or into; as, to run into evil practices; to run in debt.
15. To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run through life; to run in a circle.
16. To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as, to run from one subject to another.
17. To discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; with on.
18. To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; with on.
19. To creep, as serpents.
20. To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her blood ran cold.
21. To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread.
22. To become fluid; to melt; to fuse.
23. To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as, a wheel runs swiftly round.
24. To cause to run ; as, to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a block.
25. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation.
26. To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into the foot.
27. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven.
28. To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets, and the like.
29. To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as, to run a line.
30. To cause to pass, or evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; said of contraband or dutiable goods.
31. To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race; to run a certain career.
32. To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for office; as, to run some one for Congress.
33. To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run the risk of losing one's life.
34. See To run the chances, below.
35. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.
36. To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water.
37. To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as, the rivers ran blood.
38. To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory or a hotel.
39. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule.
40. To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time.
41. To migrate or move in schools; said of fish; esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn.
42. The act of running; as, a long run; a good run; a quick run; to go on the run.
43. A small stream; a brook; a creek.
44. That which runs or flows in the course of a certain operation, or during a certain time; as, a run of must in wine making; the first run of sap in a maple orchard.
45. A course; a series; that which continues in a certain course or series; as, a run of good or bad luck.
46. State of being current; currency; popularity.
47. Continued repetition on the stage; said of a play; as, to have a run of a hundred successive nights.
48. A continuing urgent demand; especially, a pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes.
49. A range or extent of ground for feeding stock; as, a sheep run.
50. The aftermost part of a vessel's hull where it narrows toward the stern, under the quarter.
51. The distance sailed by a ship; as, a good run; a run of fifty miles.
52. A voyage; as, a run to China.
53. A pleasure excursion; a trip.
54. The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, either by license of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction which a vein of ore or other substance takes.
55. A roulade, or series of running tones.
56. The greatest degree of swiftness in marching.
57. It is executed upon the same principles as the double-quick, but with greater speed.
58. The act of migrating, or ascending a river to spawn; said of fish; also, an assemblage or school of fishes which migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of spawning.
59. In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases made by a player, which enables him to score one; in cricket, a passing from one wicket to the other, by which one point is scored; as, a player made three runs; the side went out with two hundred runs.
60. A pair or set of millstones.
61. Melted, or made from molten material; cast in a mold; as, run butter; run iron or lead.
62. Smuggled; as, run goods.
63. A number of cards of the same suit in sequence; as, a run of four in hearts.
64. The movement communicated to a golf ball by running.
65. The distance a ball travels after touching the ground from a stroke.
66. To strike in such a way as to cause it to run along the ground, as when approaching a hole. a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely; "the Yankees scored 3 runs in the bottom of the 9th"; "their first tally came in the 3rd inning" the act of running; traveling on foot at a fast pace; "he broke into a run"; "his daily run keeps him fit" a regular trip; "the ship made its run in record time" a short trip; "take a run into town" a play in which a player runs with the ball; "the defensive line braced to stop the run"; "the coach put great emphasis on running" an unbroken chronological sequence; "the play had a long run on Broadway"; "the team enjoyed a brief run of victories" a row of unravelled stitches; "she got a run in her stocking" the production achieved during a continuous period of operation ; "a daily run of 100,000 gallons of paint" unrestricted freedom to use; "he has the run of the house" the continuous period of time during which something operates or continues in operation; "the assembly line was on a 12-hour run" become undone; "the sweater unraveled" cause to perform; "run a subject"; "run a process" change from one state to another; "run amok"; "run rogue"; "run riot" be operating, running or functioning; "The car is still running--turn it off!" carry out; "run an errand" cover by running; run a certain distance; "She ran 10 miles that day" move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time; "Don't run--you'll be out of breath"; "The children ran to the store" travel rapidly, by any means; "Run to the store!"; "She always runs to Italy, because she has a lover there" run with the ball; in such sports as football keep company; "the heifers run with the bulls ot produce offspring" sail before the wind be diffused; "These dyes and colors are guaranteed not to run" move along, of liquids; "Water flowed into the cave"; "the Missouri feeds into the Mississippi" flee; take to one's heels; cut and run; "If you see:
this man, run!"; "The burglars escaped before the police showed up" cause an animal to move fast; "run the dogs" move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way; "who are these people running around in the building?"; "She runs around telling everyone of her troubles"; "let the dogs run free" deal in illegally, such as arms or liquor set animals loose to graze make without a miss carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine; "Run the dishwasher"; "run a new program on the Mac"; "the computer executed the instruction" occur persistently; "Musical talent runs in the family" extend or continue for a certain period of time; "The film runs 5 hours" stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point; "Service runs all the way to Cranbury"; "His knowledge doesn't go very far"; "My memory extends back to my fourth year of life"; "The facts extend beyond a consideration of her personal assets" cause something to pass or lead somewhere; "Run the wire behind the cabinet" be affected by; be subjected to; "run a temperature"; "run a risk" have a particular form; "the story or argument runs as follows"; "as the saying goes...".
67. The form run is used in the present tense and is also the past participle of the verb.
68. When you run, you move more quickly than when you walk, for example because you are in a hurry to get somewhere, or for exercise. I excused myself and ran back to the telephone He ran the last block to the White House with two cases of gear Antonia ran to meet them. Run is also a noun. After a six-mile run, Jackie returns home for a substantial breakfast.
69. When someone runs in a race, they run in competition with other people. when I was running in the New York Marathon Phyllis Smith ran a controlled race to qualify in 51.32 sec.
70. When a horse runs in a race or when its owner runs it, it competes in a race. The owner insisted on Cool Ground running in the Gold Cup If we have a wet spell, Cecil could also run Armiger in the Derby.
71. If you say that something long, such as a road, runs in a particular direction, you are describing its course or position. You can also say that something runs the length or width of something else. the sun-dappled trail which ran through the beech woods.
72. If you run a wire or tube somewhere, you fix it or pull it from, to, or across a particular place. Our host ran a long extension cord out from the house and set up a screen and a projector.
73. If you run your hand or an object through something, you move your hand or the object through it. He laughed and ran his fingers through his hair.
74. If you run something through a machine, process, or series of tests, you make it go through the machine, process, or tests. They have gathered the best statistics they can find and run them through their own computers.
75. If someone runs for office in an election, they take part as a candidate. It was only last February that he announced he would run for president It is no easy job to run against John Glenn, Ohio's Democratic senator Women are running in nearly all the contested seats in Los Angeles. = stand.
76. A run for office is an attempt to be elected to office. He was already preparing his run for the presidency.
77. If you run something such as a business or an activity, you are in charge of it or you organize it. His stepfather ran a prosperous paint business Is this any way to run a country? a well-run, profitable organisation.
78. If you talk about how a system, an organization, or someone's life is running, you are saying how well it is operating or progressing. Officials in charge of the camps say the system is now running extremely smoothly. the staff who have kept the bank running.
79. If you run an experiment, computer program, or other process, or start it running, you start it and let it continue. He ran a lot of tests and it turned out I had an infection called mycoplasma You can check your program one command at a time while it's running.
80. When you run a cassette or video tape or when it runs, it moves through the machine as the machine operates. He pushed the play button again and ran the tape The tape had run to the end but recorded nothing. = play.
81. When a machine is running or when you are running it, it is switched on and is working. We told him to wait out front with the engine running. with everybody running their appliances all at the same time.
82. A machine or equipment that runs on or off a particular source of energy functions using that source of energy. Black cabs run on diesel.
83. If you run a car or a piece of equipment, you have it and use it. I ran a 1960 Rover 100 from 1977 until 1983.
84. When you say that vehicles such as trains and buses run from one place to another, you mean they regularly travel along that route. A shuttle bus runs frequently between the Inn and the Country Club. a government which can't make the trains run on time.
85. If you run someone somewhere in a car, you drive them there. Could you run me up to Baltimore? = drive.
86. If you run over or down to a place that is quite near, you drive there. I'll run over to Short Mountain and check on Mrs Adams. = drive.
87. A run is a journey somewhere. doing the morning school run.
88. If a liquid runs in a particular direction, it flows in that direction. Tears were running down her cheeks Wash the rice in cold water until the water runs clear. = flow.
89. If you run water, or if you run a tap or a bath, you cause water to flow from a tap. She went to the sink and ran water into her empty glass.
90. If a tap or a bath is running, water is coming out of a tap. You must have left a tap running in the bathroom.
91. If your nose is running, liquid is flowing out of it, usually because you have a cold. Timothy was crying, mostly from exhaustion, and his nose was running.
92. If a surface is running with a liquid, that liquid is flowing down it. After an hour he realised he was completely running with sweat.
93. If the dye in some cloth or the ink on some paper runs, it comes off or spreads when the cloth or paper gets wet. The ink had run on the wet paper.
94. If a feeling runs through your body or a thought runs through your mind, you experience it or think it quickly. She felt a surge of excitement run through her = go.
95. If a feeling or noise runs through a group of people, it spreads among them. A buzz of excitement ran through the crowd. = go.
96. If a theme or feature runs through something such as someone's actions or writing, it is present in all of it. Another thread running through this series is the role of doctors in the treatment of the mentally ill There was something of this mood running throughout the Congress's deliberations.
97. When newspapers or magazines run a particular item or story or if it runs, it is published or printed. The newspaper ran a series of four editorials entitled `The Choice of Our Lives.' an editorial that ran this weekend entitled `Mr. Cuomo Backs Out.'.
98. If an amount is running at a particular level, it is at that level. Today's RPI figure shows inflation running at 10.9 per cent = stand.
99. If a play, event, or legal contract runs for a particular period of time, it lasts for that period of time. It pleased critics but ran for only three years in the West End The contract was to run from 1992 to 2020 I predict it will run and run.
100. If someone or something is running late, they have taken more time than had been planned. If they are running to time or ahead of time, they have taken the time planned or less than the time planned. Tell her I'll call her back later, I'm running late again.
101. If you are running a temperature or a fever, you have a high temperature because you are ill. The little girl is running a fever and she needs help.
102. A run of a play or television programme is the period of time during which performances are given or programmes are shown. The show will transfer to the West End on October 9, after a month's run in Birmingham.
103. A run of successes or failures is a series of successes or failures. The England skipper is haunted by a run of low scores.
104. A run of a product is the amount that a company or factory decides to produce at one time. Wayne plans to increase the print run to 1,000.
105. In cricket or baseball, a run is a score of one, which is made by players running between marked places on the field after hitting the ball. At 20 he became the youngest player to score 2,000 runs in a season.
106. If someone gives you the run of a place, they give you permission to go where you like in it and use it as you wish. He had the run of the house and the pool.
107. If there is a run on something, a lot of people want to buy it or get it at the same time. A run on sterling has killed off hopes of a rate cut.
108. A ski run or bobsleigh run is a course or route that has been designed for skiing or for riding in a bobsleigh. see also:
running, dummy run, test run, trial run.
109. If something happens against the run of play or against the run of events, it is different from what is generally happening in a game or situation. The decisive goal arrived against the run of play.
110. If you run someone close, run them a close second, or run a close second, you almost beat them in a race or competition. The Under-21 team has defeated Wales and Scotland this season, and ran England very close.
111. If a river or well runs dry, it no longer has any water in it. If an oil well runs dry, it no longer produces any oil. Streams had run dry for the first time in memory. = dry up.
112. If a source of information or money runs dry, no more information or money can be obtained from it. Three days into production, the kitty had run dry. = dry up.
113. If a characteristic runs in someone's family, it often occurs in members of that family, in different generations. The insanity which ran in his family haunted him.
114. If you make a run for it or if you run for it, you run away in order to escape from someone or something. A helicopter hovered overhead as one of the gang made a run for it.
115. If people's feelings are running high, they are very angry, concerned, or excited. Feelings there have been running high in the wake of last week's killing.
116. If you talk about what will happen in the long run, you are saying what you think will happen over a long period of time in the future. If you talk about what will happen in the short run, you are saying what you think will happen in the near future. Sometimes expensive drugs or other treatments can be economical in the long run In fact, things could get worse in the short run.
117. If you say that someone would run a mile if faced with something, you mean that they are very frightened of it and would try to avoid it. Yasmin admits she would run a mile if Mark asked her out.
118. If you say that someone could give someone else a run for their money, you mean you think they are almost as good as the other person. a youngster who even now could give Meryl Streep a run for her money.
119. If someone is on the run, they are trying to escape or hide from someone such as the police or an enemy. Fifteen-year-old Danny is on the run from a local authority home.
120. If someone is on the run, they are being severely defeated in a contest or competition. His opponents believe he is definitely on the run.
121. If you say that a person or group is running scared, you mean that they are frightened of what someone might do to them or what might happen. The administration is running scared.
122. If you are running short of something or running low on something, you do not have much of it left. If a supply of something is running short or running low, there is not much of it left. Government forces are running short of ammunition and fuel We are running low on drinking water.
123. to run amok: see:
amok to make your blood run cold: see blood to run counter to something: see counter to run its course: see course to run deep: see deep to run an errand: see errand to run the gamut of something: see gamut to run the gauntlet: see gauntlet to run rings around someone: see ring to run riot: see riot to run a risk: see risk to run to seed: see seed to run wild: see wild.
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