Etymology : Greek, neuter of iOn, present participle of ienai to go; more at ISSUE
Pronunciation : 'I-&n, 'I-"än
Function : noun
Date : circa 1834
1. (Physics, Chemistry) electrically charged atom formed by the loss or gain of an electron; electrically charged particle formed in a gas. ion\i"on\ , n. [gr. , neut, of , p. pr. of to go.] (elec. chem.) one of the elements which appear at the respective poles when a body is subjected to electro-chemical decomposition. cf. anion, cation.ion \i"on\, n.
2. one of the electrified particles into which, according to the electrolytic dissociation theory, the molecules of electrolytes are divided by water and other solvents. an ion consists of one or more atoms and carries a unit charge of electricity, 3.4 x 10-10 electrostatic units, or a multiple of this. those which are positively electrified (hydrogen and the metals) are called cations; negative ions (hydroxyl and acidic atoms or groups) are called anions.note: thus, hydrochloric acid (hcl) dissociates, in aqueous solution, into the hydrogen ion, chformh^ + c/hform, and the chlorine ion, chformcl^ - c/hform; ferric nitrate, fe(no3)3 , yields the ferric ion, chformfe^ +++ c/hform, and nitrate ions, chformno3^ - c/hform, chformno3^ - c/hform, chformno3^ - c/hform. when a solution containing ions is made part of an electric circuit, the cations move toward the cathode, the anions toward the anode. this movement is called migration, and the velocity of it differs for different kinds of ions. if the electromotive force is sufficient, electrolysis ensues: cations give up their charge at the cathode and separate in metallic form or decompose water, forming hydrogen and alkali; similarly, at the anode the element of the anion separates, or the metal of the anode is dissolved, or decomposition occurs.
3. one of the small electrified particles into which the molecules of a gas are broken up under the action of the electric current, of ultraviolet and certain other rays, and of high temperatures. to the properties and behavior of ions the phenomena of the electric discharge through rarefied gases and many other important effects are ascribed. at low pressures the negative ions appear to be electrons; the positive ions, atoms minus an electron. at ordinary pressures each ion seems to include also a number of attached molecules. ions may be formed in a gas in various ways.ion an electrically charged particle; an atom that has lost one or more of its electronsion internetworking over nbma (lis, lag, atm, nbma).
4. A noun suffix denoting act, process, result of an act or a process, thing acted upon, state, or condition; as, revolution, the act or process of revolving; construction, the act or process of constructing; a thing constructed; dominion, territory ruled over; subjection, state of being subject; dejection; abstraction.
5. One of the elements which appear at the respective poles when a body is subjected to electro-chemical decomposition.
6. Cf.
7. Anion, Cation.
8. One of the electrified particles into which, according to the electrolytic dissociation theory, the molecules of electrolytes are divided by water and other solvents.
9. An ion consists of one or more atoms and carries a unit charge of electricity, 3.4 x 10-10 electrostatic units, or a multiple of this.
10. Those which are positively electrified are called cations; negative ions are called anions.
11. One of the small electrified particles into which the molecules of a gas are broken up under the action of the electric current, of ultraviolet and certain other rays, and of high temperatures.
12. To the properties and behavior of ions the phenomena of the electric discharge through rarefied gases and many other important effects are ascribed.
13. At low pressures the negative ions appear to be electrons; the positive ions, atoms minus an electron.
14. At ordinary pressures each ion seems to include also a number of attached molecules.
15. Ions may be formed in a gas in various ways. a particle that is electrically charged ; an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons.
16. Ions are electrically charged atoms. Ionic. an atom which has been given a positive or negative force by adding or taking away an electron (present participle of ienai ). Atom or group of atoms with one or more positive or negative electric charges. Positively charged ions are cations, negatively charged ones anions. Ions are formed when electrons are added to or removed from neutral molecules or other ions, as sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atoms react to form Na^+ and Cl^-; when ions combine with other particles, as hydrogen cations (H^+) and ammonia (NH3) combine to form ammonium cations (NH4^+); or when a covalent bond between two atoms is ruptured in such a way that the resulting particles are charged, as water (H2O) dissociates (see:
dissociation) into hydrogen and hydroxide ions (H^+ and OH^-). Many crystalline substances (see:
crystal) are composed of ions held in regular geometric patterns by the attraction of oppositely charged particles for each other. Ions migrate to the electrode of opposite charge in an electric field and are the conductors of current in electrolytic cells (see:
electrolysis). Compounds that form ions are called electrolytes. Ions are also formed in gases when heated to very high temperatures or when an electrical discharge passes through them (see:
plasma).
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