Etymology : Middle English gramere, from Middle French gramaire, modification of Latin grammatica, from Greek grammatikE, from feminine of grammatikos of letters, from grammat-, gramma; more at GRAM
Pronunciation : gra-m&r
Function : noun
Date : 14th century
1. study of the structure of a language. grammar\gram"mar\ , n. [oe. gramere, of. gramaire, f. grammaire prob. fr. l. gramatica gr , fem. of skilled in grammar, fr. letter. see:
gramme, graphic, and cf. grammatical, gramarye.].
2. the science which treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use aud application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing.note: the whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words according to their function in the sentence. --bain.
3. the art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a grammar. the original bad grammar and bad spelling.
4. a treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing.
5. treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a grammar of geography.
6. The science which treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use and application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing.
7. The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a grammar.
8. A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing. treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a grammar of geography.
9. To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use grammar. studies of the formation of basic linguistic units.
10. 1. Grammar is the ways that words can be put together in order to make sentences. He doesn't have mastery of the basic rules of grammar. the difference between Sanskrit and Tibetan grammar.
11. Someone's grammar is the way in which they obey or do not obey the rules of grammar when they write or speak. His vocabulary was sound and his grammar excellent. a deterioration in spelling and grammar among teenagers.
12. A grammar is a book that describes the rules of a language. an advanced English grammar.
13. A particular grammar is a particular theory that is intended to explain the rules of a language. Transformational grammars are more restrictive. Rules of a language governing its phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics; also, a written summary of such rules. The first Europeans to write grammar texts were the Greeks, notably the Alexandrians of the lst century BC. The Romans applied the Greek grammatical system to Latin. The works of the Latin grammarians Donatus (4th century AD) and Priscian (6th century) were widely used to teach grammar in medieval Europe. By 1700, grammars of 61 vernacular languages had been printed. These were mainly used for teaching and were intended to reform or standardize language. In the 19th-20th centuries linguists began studying languages to trace their evolution rather than to prescribe correct usage. Descriptive linguists (see:
Ferdinand de Saussure) studied spoken language by collecting and analyzing sample sentences. Transformational grammarians (see:
Noam Chomsky) examined the underlying structure of language (see:
generative grammar). The older approach to grammar as a body of rules needed to speak and write correctly is still the basis of primary and secondary language education.
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