Etymology : Middle English, from Middle French, from Latin agricultura, from ager field + cultura cultivation; more at ACRE, CULTURE
Pronunciation : a-gri-"k&l-ch&r
Function : noun
Date : 15th century
1. raising of crops and livestock. agriculture\ag"ri*cul`ture\ (?; 135), n. [l. agricultura; ager field + cultura cultivation: cf. f. agriculture. see:
acre and culture.] the art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage; husbandry; farming.agriculture n.
2. a large-scale farming enterprise [syn: agribusiness].
3. the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock [syn: farming, husbandry].
4. the federal department that administers programs that provide services to farmers (including research and soil conservation and efforts to stabilize the farming economy); created in 1862 [syn: department of agriculture, agriculture department, agriculture].
5. the class of people engaged in growing foodagriculture tilling the ground (gen. 2:15; 4:2, 3, 12) and rearing cattle were the chief employments in ancient times. the egyptians excelled in agriculture. and after the israelites entered into the possession of the promised land, their circumstances favoured in the highest degree a remarkable development of this art. agriculture became indeed the basis of the mosaic commonwealth. the year in palestine was divided into six agricultural periods:- i. sowing time. tisri, latter half (beginning about the autumnal equinox.) marchesvan. kisleu, former half. early rain due = first showers of autumn. ii. unripe time. kisleu, latter half. tebet. sebat, former half. iii. cold season. sebat, latter half. adar. [veadar.] nisan, former half. latter rain due (deut. 11:14; jer. 5:24; hos. 6:3; zech. 10:1; james 5:7; job 29:23). iv. harvest time. nisan, latter half. (beginning about vernal equinox. barley green. passover.) ijar. sivan, former half., wheat ripe. pentecost. v. summer (total absence of rain) sivan, latter half. tammuz. ab, former half. vi. sultry season ab, latter half. elul. tisri, former half., ingathering of fruits. the six months from the middle of tisri to the middle of nisan were occupied with the work of cultivation, and the rest of the year mainly with the gathering in of the fruits. the extensive and easily-arranged system of irrigation from the rills and streams from the mountains made the soil in every part of palestine richly productive (ps. 1:3; 65:10; prov. 21:1; isa. 30:25; 32:2, 20; hos. 12:11), and the appliances of careful cultivation and of manure increased its fertility to such an extent that in the days of solomon, when there was an abundant population, "20,000 measures of wheat year by year" were sent to hiram in exchange for timber (1 kings 5:11), and in large quantities also wheat was sent to the tyrians for the merchandise in which they traded (ezek. 27:17). the wheat sometimes produced an hundredfold (gen. 26:12; matt. 13:23). figs and pomegranates were very plentiful (num. 13:23), and the vine and the olive grew luxuriantly and produced abundant fruit (deut. 33:24). lest the productiveness of the soil should be exhausted, it was enjoined that the whole land should rest every seventh year, when all agricultural labour would entirely cease (lev. 25:1-7; deut. 15:1-10). it was forbidden to sow a field with divers seeds (deut. 22:9). a passer-by was at liberty to eat any quantity of corn or grapes, but he was not permitted to carry away any (deut. 23:24, 25; matt. 12:1). the poor were permitted to claim the corners of the fields and the gleanings. a forgotten sheaf in the field was to be left also for the poor. (see:
lev. 19:9, 10; deut. 24:19.) agricultural implements and operations. the sculptured monuments and painted tombs of egypt and assyria throw much light on this subject, and on the general operations of agriculture. ploughs of a simple construction were known in the time of moses (deut. 22:10; comp. job 1:14). they were very light, and required great attention to keep them in the ground.
6. The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage; husbandry; farming. the class of people engaged in growing food.
7. Agriculture is farming and the methods that are used to raise and look after crops and animals. The Ukraine is strong both in industry and agriculture. the practice or science of farming (agricultura, from ager + cultura ). Science or art of cultivating the soil, growing and harvesting crops, and raising livestock. Agriculture probably first developed in South Asia and Egypt, then spread to Europe, Africa, the rest of Asia, the islands of the central and South Pacific, and finally to North and South America. Agriculture in the Middle East is believed to date from 9000-7000 BC. Early cultivated crops include wild barley (Middle East), domesticated beans and water chestnuts (Thailand), and pumpkins (the Americas). Domestication of animals occurred during roughly the same period. Slash-and-burn land-clearing methods and crop rotation were early agricultural techniques. Steady improvements in tools and methods over the centuries increased agricultural output, as did mechanization, selective breeding and hybridization, and, in the 20th century, the use of herbicides and insecticides. More of the world's aggregate manpower is devoted to agriculture than to all other occupations combined. Brook Farm Institute of Agriculture and Education Food and Agriculture Organization till less agriculture.
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